PROFIL TERAPI IMUNOSUPRESAN PADA PASIEN ANAK DENGAN LUPUS NEFRITIS

Aghnia Fuadatul Inayah; Lilik Yusetyani; Putra Adi Purnama; Nabilah Utari

doi:10.61902/motorik.v17i1.360

Aghnia Fuadatul Inayah
Lilik Yusetyani
Putra Adi Purnama
Nabilah Utari

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61902/motorik.v17i1.360

Keywords: Lupus nefritis, imunosupresan, anak, terapi, SLE

Abstract

Lupus nefritis merupakan komplikasi serius dari systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) dan menyerang organ ginjal. Lupus nefritis adalah penyakit autoimun yang awalnya dimediasi oleh autoantibodi kemudian membentuk ikatan antara kompleks imun dengan jaringan sehingga menyebabkan organ dan sel mengalami kerusakan. Lupus nefritis ditandai dengan munculnya proteinuria yang persisten. Sebanyak 37-82% pada anak-anak dengan SLE berkembang menjadi lupus nefritis. Target terapi pasien SLE adalah mencegah terjadinya kekambuhan dan kerusakan organ serta meminimalisir efek samping obat. Mencegah kekambuhan pada pasien SLE perlu diberikan obat-obat imunosipresif yang menekan disregulasi sistem imun. Pemberian terapi imunosupresan berupa steroid, MMF dan klorokuin terbukti aman. Pemberian metilprednisolon dengan dosis sangat tinggi hingga 1000 mg sehari secara intravena bertujuan untuk menekan aktivitas sel imun. Tidak hanya itu, pemberian terapi imunosupresan secara kombinasi memberikan mempercepat proses remisi, seperti dengan pemberian MMF dan klorokuin yang sudah terbukti aman. MMF dengan dosis hingga 1g/hari memberikan efektivitas yang baik. Sementara klorokuin, telah disetujui FDA sebagai terapi lupus nefritis yang sebelumnya sering digunakan sebagai antimalaria. Klorokuin dilaporkan dapat mencegah kerusakan ginjal dengan menekan kerja dari sel-sel imun.

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