FAKTOR RISIKO DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II PADA KELOMPOK UMUR ≥15 TAHUN DI PROVINSI JAMBI (ANALISIS DATA SKI 2023)
Keywords:
Faktor Risiko, Diabetes Mellitus, ≥ 15 tahun, SKI, Risk Factors, ≥ 15 years
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a long-term condition that occurs when there is no increase in blood glucose in the body, because the insulin produced by the pancreas is not enough and the insulin produced is not used effectively. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus at age ≥ 15 years in Jambi Province based on SKI 2023 data.This study is a secondary data analysis using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey with a cross-sectional research design conducted in June - April 2025. The population in this study was residents aged ≥ 15 years in Jambi Province with a sample size of. Data analysis using Multivariate Regression Logistic. The proportion of Diabetes Mellitus at age ≥ 15 years in Jambi Province was 0.7%. Variables related to the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus were consumption of sweet foods [Adj OR = 0.14 (95%CI: 0.04 - 0.53)], consumption of sweet drinks [Adj OR = 0.15 (95%CI; 0.05 - 0.44)], and hypertension [Adj OR = 5.21 (95%CI: 2.61 - 10.39)]. Hypertension is a dominant factor in the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus ≥ 15 years in Jambi Province so that optimal hypertension control efforts are needed through regular health checks and management of other risk factors.
Diabetes Mellitus kondisi jangka panjang yang muncul ketika tidak adanya peningkatan glukosa darah dalam tubuh, karena insulin yang dihasilkan oleh pankreas tidak cukup dan insulin yang hasilkan tidak digunakan secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus pada usia ≥ 15 tahun di Provinsi Jambi berdasarkan data SKI 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan secondary data analysis dengan menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023 dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni – April 2025. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penduduk usia ≥ 15 tahun di Provinsi Jambi dengan jumlah sampel sebesar. Analisis data menggunakan Multivariate Regression Logistic. Proporsi Diabetes Mellitus pada usia ≥ 15 tahun di Provinsi Jambi adalah 0,7%. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Diabetes Mellitus yaitu konsumsi makanan manis [Adj OR = 0,14 (95%CI: 0,04 – 0,53)], konsumsi minuman manis [Adj OR = 0,15 (95%CI; 0,05 – 0,44)], dan hipertensi [Adj OR = 5,21 (95%CI: 2,61 – 10,39)]. Hipertensi merupakan faktor dominan pada kejadian Diabetes Mellitus ≥ 15 tahun di Provinsi Jambi sehinggi perlunya upaya pengendalian hipertensi secara optimal melalui pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala dan pengelolaan faktor risiko lainnya.
References
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[3] Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Med (United Kingdom) 2019;47:22–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.10.004.
[4] Irwansyah I, Kasim ISK. Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Stikes Megarezky Makassar Teaching Staff. Juni 2020;11:540–7. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.343.
[5] World Health Organization (WHO). Diabetes. 2023 n.d. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes.
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[7] Salasa RA, Rahman H, Andiani A. Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Pada Populasi Asia: A systematic Review. J Biosainstek 2019;1:95–107. https://doi.org/10.52046/biosainstek.v1i01.306.
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[9] Quraisy CCRSA, Mulyani NS. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diabetes mellitus tipe-II pada pasien rawat jalan. J SAGO Gizi Dan Kesehat 2021;2:122. https://doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v2i2.258.
[10] Novita TR, Efrarianti Y. Faktor – faktor yang Berhubungan Diabetes Mellitus pada Pralansia (45-59 Tahun) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rantau Keloyang. J Healthc Technol Med 2023;9:204. https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i1.2802.
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[13] Agustianto RF, Mudjanarko SW, Prabowo GI. Tingkat Pendidikan Bukan Merupakan Prediktor Risiko Diabetes Berdasarkan Skoring American Diabetes Association. Higeia J Public Heal Res Dev 2020;1:625–34.
[14] Indrahadi D, Wardana A, Pierewan AC. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population. J Gizi Klin Indones 2021;17:103. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.55003.
[15] Sriyani Y, Mulyana H. Jenis Pekerjaan dan Lokasi Tempat Tinggal (Rural, Urban) dengan Kejadian DM Tipe 2. J Keperawatan BSI 2021;9:98–104.
[16] Chowdhury MAB, Islam M, Rahman J, Uddin MJ, Haque MR. Diabetes among adults in Bangladesh: changes in prevalence and risk factors between two cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2022;12:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055044.
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[18] Ghassab-Abdollahi N, Nadrian H, Pishbin K, Shirzadi S, Sarbakhsh P, Saadati F, et al. Gender and urban–rural residency based differences in the prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus and its determinants among adults in Naghadeh: Results of IraPEN survey. PLoS One 2023;18:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279872.
[19] Siahaan MF, Mahmudiono T, Mahmudah, Melaniani S, Wulandari S. Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Men of Productive Age in India (National Family Health Survey2015-2016). J Biometrika Dan Kependud 2023;12:22–31. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v12i1.2023.22-31.
[20] Agustia D, Gultom RFB, Nainggolan WE, Khoiriyah F, Hidayati Y, Lubis DA. Analysis of Factors Causing the Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Medan Denai Health Center 2023;12:815–21.
[21] Sudrajat A, Romadhona M, Manurung S, Suratun S, Yardes N, Lusiani D, et al. Relationship between family history, diet and sedentary behavior with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Asian J Dent Heal Sci 2023;3:26–31. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v3i2.42.
[22] Wulandari P, Mustain, Yhudianto KA. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional Pencegahan Tetanus. J Penelit Perawat Prof 2025;7.
[23] Shrestha N, Karki K, Poudyal A, Aryal KK, Mahato NK, Gautam N, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in Nepal: Findings from a nationwide population-based survey. BMJ Open 2022;12:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060750.
[24] Ali A, Alfajjam S, Gasana J. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors among Migrant Workers in Kuwait. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073943.
[25] Seifu Y, Tsegaw D, Haji Y, Ejeso A. Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among adult population in Hawassa Zuria Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes 2020;13:4571–9. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S275230.
[26] Savikj M, Zierath JR. Train like an athlete: applying exercise interventions to manage type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2020;63:1491–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05166-9.
[27] Asiimwe D, Mauti GO, Kiconco R. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Patients Aged 45-80 Years at Kanungu District. J Diabetes Res 2020;2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5152146.
[28] Permana DR, The F, Athallah N, Jansen G. The Relationship of Risk Factors to the Incidence of Hypertension in Pre-Elderly and Elderly (Study in Ternate City). J Community Dev Asia 2023;6:1–18. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v6i2.2324.
[29] Naik BN, Rao R, Verma M, Nirala SK, Pandey S, Gera M, et al. Prevalence of diabetes distress and its correlates among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a primary health center of Bihar − A cross‑sectional study. J Fam Med Prim Care 2024;13. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc.
[30] Amsalu H, Hailu M, Asefa A, Ayenew M, Yosef T. The effect of lifestyle factors on chronic complications of diabetes at public health hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024;14:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69527-9.
[31] Takahashi F, Okada H, Hashimoto Y, Kurogi K, Murata H, Ito M, et al. Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese from Panasonic cohort study 12. Sci Rep 2024;14:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71383-6.
[32] Suryanti S, Sumardi Sudarman A. Hubungan Gaya Hidup dan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Diabetes Mellitus di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Kota Makassar. J Promot Prev 2021;4:1–9. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v4i1.246.
[33] Eva Fridiyani Putri, Kismiantini. Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Status Diabetes Mellitus pada Pra Lansia dan Lansia di Indonesia Menggunakan Model Regresi Logistik Biner. Statistika 2024;24:54–64. https://doi.org/10.29313/statistika.v24i1.3319.
[34] Aisyah S, Afrinis N, Syafriani. Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang DM, Konsumsi Makanan Manis dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian DM Tipe 2 Pada Masyarakat Dewasa Akhir Usia 50-59 Tahun. Indones J Sci 2025;73:1290–7.
[35] Adokwe JB, Pouyfung P, Kuraeiad S, Wongrith P, Inchai P, Yimthiang S, et al. Concurrent Lead and Cadmium Exposure Among Diabetics: A Case-Control Study of Socio-Demographic and Consumption Behaviors. Nutr 2025;17:1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040710.
[36] Kong D, Chen R, Chen Y, Zhao L, Huang R, Luo L, et al. Bayesian network analysis of factors influencing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and their comorbidities. BMC Public Health 2024;24:1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18737-x.
[37] Tarmizi M, Siregar FA. Hubungan faktor metabolik dan konsumsi makanan minuman manis dengan kadar gula darah pada usia 30-60 tahun di Puskesmas Simalingkar. Trop Public Heal J 2024;4:27–34. https://doi.org/10.32734/trophico.v4i1.14534.
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2025-10-23
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